Explanation: Paragraph E states: "Linda McCaig, a scientist at the CDC, comments that … 'Most of the time the illness is viral, and antibiotics are not the answer.'" This directly confirms that antibiotics are ineffective against viral illnesses..
E. To combat this, global health leaders are calling for a "One Health" approach. This strategy recognizes that human health is closely connected to the health of animals and the environment. Interventions include stricter regulations on prescriptions, the development of new diagnostic tools to ensure antibiotics are only used when necessary, and significant investment in the research and development of new antibiotics. However, the pipeline for new drugs is drying up because antibiotics are less profitable for pharmaceutical companies than drugs for chronic conditions. Consequently, governments must provide financial incentives to encourage innovation.
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Section B explicitly details how the agricultural sector uses antibiotics in livestock feed within crowded conditions, which "creates an ideal breeding ground for resistant bacteria."
Alexander Fleming anticipated that bacteria would quickly become resistant to penicillin. Explanation: Paragraph E states: "Linda McCaig, a scientist
The is a critical public health crisis where bacteria evolve faster than the development of new treatments. Often referred to as a "silent pandemic," this resistance is driven by the widespread overuse and misuse of drugs in both human medicine and agriculture. If left unaddressed, experts predict that by 2050, resistant infections could cause up to 10 million deaths annually , surpassing cancer as a leading cause of mortality. The Core Conflict: Evolution vs. Innovation
: Paragraph D states that "the majority of these substances are not used to treat diagnosed illnesses; instead, they serve as growth promoters or preventative mass treatments..."
(Word count ~330 — suitable for an IELTS reading-style passage.)
The text recommends that individuals use antibiotics responsibly, get vaccinated, and practice good hygiene. This strategy recognizes that human health is closely
Section C discusses the "Economic and Clinical Repercussions," specifically citing the World Bank's estimate of "trillions of dollars in economic damages by 2050."
Antibiotics have revolutionised modern medicine since the discovery of penicillin in 1928. They are used not only to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis but also to prevent infections during surgeries, chemotherapy, and organ transplants. However, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals have accelerated the natural process of bacterial adaptation, leading to antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
An account of policy frameworks and alternative scientific therapies being explored. Questions 6–9
C. The misuse of antibiotics is widespread. In many parts of the world, these drugs are available over the counter without a prescription, leading to self-medication and inappropriate usage. Furthermore, antibiotics are heavily used in agriculture to prevent disease in livestock and promote growth. This agricultural use accounts for a significant portion of global antibiotic consumption, creating a reservoir of resistant bacteria that can be transmitted to humans through the food chain. According to the text
Provide sample matching heading questions based on this text.
According to the text, the main drivers are the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human medicine and agriculture.
The stakes are high. Estimates suggest that without new strategies, 10 million people
