Fouo Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat 1 December 1999 25 [portable] | Fm 31 28

840 words.

Standardize urban combat training across all seven Special Forces Groups.

Efforts via the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) for FM 31-28 (1999) have yielded mostly redacted responses. However, known excised portions include: 840 words

Specialized insertion methods such as fast-roping, rappelling, vehicle movements, and helicopter insertions.

Fast-roping, rappelling, and night operations. Where to Find More Information In 1999, releasing detailed diagrams of how a U

The "For Official Use Only" marking is standard for documents that, while unclassified, contain sensitive operational details. In 1999, releasing detailed diagrams of how a U.S. Special Forces team clears a multi-story building or how they set up a covert urban hide site could compromise ongoing operations. Today, while the document is widely circulated in veteran and collector communities, the TTPs (Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures) within it must be viewed through a historical lens.

Because foreign intelligence services could use this information to harden their cities against SF infiltration, the Army restricted distribution to Special Forces units, SWC instructors, and certain JSOC elements. [ ELEVATED ] --> Rooftops

This section provided scripts and psychological triggers for negotiating with urban militia leaders. It was marked FOUO because it contained actual psychological warfare pro-words and cultural triggers specific to cities in the former Soviet bloc, the Middle East, and East Asia.

[ ELEVATED ] --> Rooftops, Balconies, Snipers │ ▼ [ SURFACE ] --> Streets, Fatal Funnels, Barricades ▲ │ [ SUB-SURF ] --> Sewers, Utility Tunnels, Subway Lines

: Details micromanagement tactics for small squads, covering room clearing, hallway movement, and mechanical or explosive breaching of structures.