Rapid, conjugate eye movements (EOG) and profound muscle atonia (paralysis seen on EMG), punctuated by transient muscle twitches. 5. Clinical Relevance: Abnormal EEG Patterns in Sleep

): Slower waves associated with light drowsiness, meditation, and early sleep. Delta Waves (

Brain activity is categorized by frequency (Hz) and amplitude: Beta Waves (

Analyzing the sleep EEG allows physicians to identify neurological and respiratory disruptions. Micro-Arousals

is a non-invasive test that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain using small metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp. Physiological Basis

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the cornerstone of sleep medicine, providing the primary "window" into the brain's activity during rest. By recording the electrical fluctuations of neurons via scalp electrodes, EEG allows researchers and clinicians to categorize sleep into distinct, physiological stages. The Mechanism of EEG in Sleep During wakefulness, the brain exhibits desynchronized

Sleep professionals stage sleep in . Each epoch is assigned a specific stage based on dominant EEG, EOG, and EMG features. 1. Wakefulness (W)

The ARAS is a network of neurons located in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain. It projects to the thalamus and cortex to maintain wakefulness.