Chemistry Notes Ssc !!hot!! Jun 2026

Homogeneous: Uniform composition throughout (e.g., Air, Salt solution, Alloys like Brass).

Devised by , it measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale from 0 to 14. is Neutral (Pure water). is Acidic. is Basic/Alkaline. Common Organic Acids in Food Acid Present Acetic Acid Lemon / Orange Citric Acid Oxalic Acid Sour Milk / Curd Lactic Acid Tamarind / Grapes Tartaric Acid Ant Sting / Bee Sting Methanoic (Formic) Acid Malic Acid 6. Metals, Non-Metals, and Metallurgy

The energy required to remove an electron. Increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Matter exists in three primary states, along with two advanced states frequently asked about in exams:

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Atoms of different elements containing the same number of neutrons. 2. The Periodic Table

Superheated gas composed of strong numbers of ions and electrons. Found in stars and neon signs.

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The periodic table organizes elements to highlight trends in their chemical and physical properties. Historical Evolution Homogeneous: Uniform composition throughout (e

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Indefinite shape (takes the form of the container). Definite volume. Low compressibility.

Do not go deep into mechanisms; stick to basics.

States that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their (unlike Mendeleev's table, which relied on atomic masses). is Acidic

Arranged elements in groups of three where the middle element's mass was the average of the other two.

| Chapter | Key Sub-Topics | Weightage | |---|---|---| | | Subatomic particles, Atomic number & mass number, Isotopes & Isobars, Electronic configuration | 15% | | Periodic Table | Groups & Periods, Classification of elements (Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids), s, p, d, f blocks | 15% | | Chemical Reactions | Types of reactions (Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Redox), Oxidation & Reduction, Factors affecting reaction rates | 10% | | Chemical Bonding | Ionic, Covalent, Metallic bonds, Properties of ionic & covalent compounds | 10% | | Metals & Non-metals | Physical & chemical properties, Reactivity series, Extraction of metals, Alloys | 10% | | Acids, Bases, and Salts | Properties of acids & bases, pH Scale, Types of salts, Important compounds | 15% | | Carbon & its Compounds | Allotropes of carbon, Hydrocarbons, Functional groups, Important organic compounds | 10% | | Important Inorganic Compounds | Common names & chemical formulas, Preparation & uses of compounds like Washing soda, Baking soda, Plaster of Paris, etc. | 10% | | Environmental Chemistry | Air & water pollution, Greenhouse effect, Ozone layer depletion, Polymers | 5% | | Miscellaneous | States of Matter, Separation techniques, Important discoveries, Basic terminology | 5% |

A biochemical process where enzymes convert complex organic compounds like sugars into simpler compounds like alcohol (Ethanol) anaerobically. 10. Environmental Chemistry Greenhouse Effect: Gases like Carbon Dioxide ( CO2cap C cap O sub 2 ), Methane ( CH4cap C cap H sub 4 ), Water Vapor, and Nitrous Oxide ( N2Ocap N sub 2 cap O ) trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to Global Warming.

For aspirants preparing for the Staff Selection Commission (SSC) exams—such as CGL, CHSL, MTS, CPO, or GD—the Science section can often be a game-changer. Among the three core subjects (Physics, Chemistry, Biology), is often perceived as the most scoring, yet memorization-heavy, discipline.

Allotropy is the property by which an element can exist in multiple physical forms with similar chemical properties.